Periodontal health in patients under conventional and lingual orthodontic therapies / Saúde periodontal em pacientes sob tratamentos ortodônticos convencional e lingual

Objective: Some clinical periodontal health parameters were assessed comparatively in patients using conventional and lingual brackets. Material and method: A trained examiner registered the frequencies of visible plaque (VP), bleeding on probing (BOP), as well as the simplified oral hygiene (OHI-S) and modified gingival (MGI) indices in 83 subjects from two clinics. The effects of orthodontic treatments on periodontal health were analyzed using logistic regression (alfa= 0.05). Result: In the conventional group, the frequency of visible plaque was significantly higher on the buccal surfaces of anterior (OR = 12.5) and maxillary posterior (OR = 3.6) teeth, p < 0.01. BOP in posterior teeth was also more frequent in this group, p < 0.05. The lingual group presented higher frequency of visible plaque on the lingual surfaces of anterior teeth (OR = 4.3; p = 0.0034). The conventional group had significantly higher frequencies of mild gingivitis in the buccal regions of anterior (OR = 9.0) and maxillary posterior (OR = 16.7) teeth, p < 0.05, and anterior papillae (OR = 9.0; p = 0.0003). On the other hand, the lingual group evidenced mild gingivitis more often in the lingual regions of anterior teeth (OR = 54.5), p <0.01. Conclusion: Based on the results of this study, the clinical periodontal health conditions may be considered acceptable for patients using both conventional and lingual brackets.

Objetivo: Alguns parâmetros clínicos de saúde periodontal foram avaliados comparativamente em pacientes que utilizavam braquetes convencionais e linguais. Material e método: Um examinador treinado registrou as frequências de placa bacteriana visível (PB) e sangramento à sondagem (SS), bem como dos índices higiene oral simplificado (IHO-S) e gengival modificado (IGM), em 83 pacientes de duas clínicas. Os efeitos dos tratamentos ortodônticos na saúde periodontal foram analisados por regressão logística (alfa=0,05). Resultado: No grupo convencional, a frequência de placa bacteriana foi significativamente mais elevada nas superfícies vestibulares dos dentes anteriores (OR = 12,5) e posteriores superiores (OR = 3,6), p <0,01. O SS nos dentes posteriores também foi mais frequente neste grupo, p < 0,05. O grupo lingual apresentou frequência mais alta de placa bacteriana nas superfícies linguais dos dentes anteriores (OR = 4,3; p = 0,0034). O grupo convencional apresentou frequências significativamente elevadas de gengivite leve nas regiões vestibulares dos dentes anteriores (OR = 9,0) e posteriores superiores (OR = 16,7), p < 0,05, e de papilas anteriores (OR = 9,0 p = 0,0003). Por outro lado, o grupo lingual evidenciou gengivite leve mais frequentemente nas superfícies linguais dos dentes anteriores (OR = 54,5), p < 0,01. Conclusão: Com base nos resultados deste estudo, as condições clínicas de saúde periodontal podem ser consideradas razoáveis em pacientes que utilizavam braquetes convencionais e linguais.

Características faciales y oclusales en niños con hábitos bucales / Occlusal and facial features in childrenwith oral habits

Fueron analizadas asociaciones entre tipos faciales, características oclusales y hábitos bucales. La muestra consistió de 1.923 escolares de 8 a 12 años (959 niñas, 964 niños) de Campo Grande, MS-Brasil. Comparaciones entre las características evaluadas según los hábitos fueron realizadas por testes de proporción e Chi-cuadrado (a = 5%). La prevalencia de hábitos fue de 37,4%. Hubo diferencia entre géneros, 55% (femenino) y 45% (masculino). Las mayores prevalencias fueron verificadas en el grupo de 8 años (32%) y en los colegios particulares (40,9%). Oñicofagia fue el más prevalente (71,7%), seguida por succión digital (9,7%) e interposición lingual (6,4%). En la mayoría de los grupos de hábitos, se observaron elevadas frecuencias de simetría facial (81-100%). En los que hacían succión digital, los tipos dolicofacial (46%) y mesofacial (43%) fueron significativamente más prevalentes, así como en los que presentaban interposición lingual, con respectivos porcentajes de 54% e 39%. De los portadores de hábitos, 76,9% tenían competencia labial. Las prevalencias de perfil convexo fueron significantemente más altas en los grupos de interposición lingual (85%), succión digital (83%) y oñicofagia (77%). En ellos, las prevalencias de overjet (52%) y trepase vertical (45%) normales fueron significativamente elevadas; sin embargo, en los alumnos con interposición lingual, la mordida abierta anterior fue la más prevalente (67%). La mordida cruzada posterior no fue asociada a los hábitos. A pesar del histórico de hábitos en 720 escolares, hubo asociación con simetría facial, tipos dolicofacial y mesofacial, competencia labial y perfil convexo. No se observó el predominio de maloclusiones.

Associations among facial types, occlusal features and oral habits were analyzed. The sample consisted of 1,923 students aged 8 to 12 years old (959 girls, 964 boys) from Campo Grande, MS-Brazil. Comparisons among the studied characteristics, which were evaluated according to the habits, were carried out using ratio and Chi-square tests (a = 5%). The prevalence of oral habits was 37.4%. There was a difference between genders: 55% for females and 45% for males. The highest prevalence was observed in the group of eight-year-olds (32%) and in private schools (40.9%). Nail biting was the most prevalent habit (71.7%), followed by digit-sucking (9.7%) and tongue thrusting (6.4%). In most of the habit groups, high frequencies of facial symmetry were observed (81-100%). In those who had digit-sucking habit, dolichofacial (46%) and mesofacial (43%) patterns were significantly more prevalent, as well as in those which presented tongue thrusting, with percentages of 54% and 39%, respectively. Of the habit holders, 76.9% presented lip competence. The prevalence of convex profile was significantly higher in the groups of tongue thrusting (85%), digit-sucking (83%) and nail biting (77%). In those students, frequencies of normal overjet (52%) and overbite (45%) were significantly great; but, in the group with tongue thrusting, anterior open bite was the most prevalent feature (67%). Posterior crossbite was not associated with the habits. Despite the history of habits in 720 students, there was an association with the facial symmetry, dolichofacial and mesofacial patterns, lip competence and convex profile. Malocclusions predominance was not observed.